Japanese scientists have identified a natural compound in blueberries and grapes that may help muscles burn stored fat instead of accumulating it, a finding that could eventually inform dietary supplements and treatments for metabolic disorders.
The compound, called pterostilbene, was tested on mouse muscle cells in laboratory dishes. The researchers observed that it reduced fat buildup by enhancing the breakdown of stored fat, according to a study published in the journal Food Bioscience.
The mechanism works by protecting a protein known as PPAR-delta, which plays a key role in helping cells convert fatty acids into energy. By preventing the degradation of PPAR-delta, pterostilbene boosts the activity of genes involved in fat metabolism.
“Our findings establish a scientific framework for developing functional foods and nutritional supplements that target muscle fat metabolism,” said Associate Professor Takakazu Mitani of Shinshu University in a statement.
The research is still in its early stages. The experiments were conducted on lab-grown mouse muscle cells, and scientists have not yet tested the compound in humans or other animals with more complex metabolic systems. It remains unclear whether the same effects will occur outside the lab.
Excess fat inside muscle cells can interfere with the body’s ability to process glucose and fatty acids, a problem linked to obesity, insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, and aging. The findings could help guide the development of foods, supplements, or treatments aimed at reducing fat accumulation in muscle tissue.
The study adds to a growing body of research on natural compounds and metabolic health. For instance, the surge in GLP-1 use among young children has raised questions about early intervention in obesity, while regaining weight after diet pills has been linked to mental health risks. These contexts underscore the importance of understanding how metabolic pathways can be safely influenced.
While the findings are promising, experts caution that laboratory results do not always translate to humans. Further research is needed to determine whether pterostilbene could be an effective component of dietary interventions or pharmaceutical treatments.
The study was supported by Shinshu University and published earlier this month.
